Periconceptional Multivitamin Use and Infant Birth Weight Disparities

Purpose

In the United States, African American women deliver preterm and low birth weight infants two to three times more frequently than their white counterparts. Our objective was to determine whether maternal periconceptional multivitamin (MVI) use is associated with this disparity.

Methods

As a secondary analysis of previously collected data from mothers of non-malformed infants from the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2331 non-Hispanic white and 133 non-Hispanic black mother/infant pairs from 1998 through 2007. To estimate the effect of MVI use on birth outcomes, linear regression models were used.

Results

In white subjects, MVI use was not associated with birth weight, gestational age, or weight-for-gestational-age. However, in black subjects, MVI use was associated with a 536-gram increased birth weight (p=0.001). Black MVI users also had longer gestations (although not statistically significant). When birth weights were adjusted for gestational age using z scores, MVI use was associated with increased fetal growth in black infants (+0.86 z score units, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–1.36).

Conclusions

The present findings suggest MVI use may improve fetal growth and possibly gestational age in the offspring of African American women.

Key Words: Pregnancy, Preconception Care, Birth Weight, Vitamins, Premature Birth, Ethnic Groups, African Continental Ancestry Group

Selected Abbreviations and Acronyms: MVI, periconceptional multivitamin, BMI, body mass index, LMP, last menstrual period, SGA, small-for-gestational-age, LGA, large-for-gestational-age