Annals of Epidemiology
Volume 14, Issue 1 , Pages 58-65 , January 2004

Self-esteem and mortality: prospective evidence from a population-based study

Received 12 July 2002 ,Accepted 26 March 2003.

References 

  1. Rosenberg M. Society and the Adolescent Self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965;
  2. Rosenberg M. Conceiving the Self. New York: Basic Books; 1979;
  3. McGee R, Williams S, Nada-Raja S. Low self-esteem and hopelessness in childhood and suicidal ideation in early adulthood. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001;29:281–291
  4. Whisman MA, Kwon P. Life stress and dysphoria: the role of self-esteem and hopelessness. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;65:1054–1060
  5. Johnson SL, Meyer B, Winett C, Small J. Social support and self-esteem predict changes in bipolar depression but not mania. J Affect Disord. 2000;58:79–86
  6. Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ. Weight-related behaviors among adolescent girls and boys: results from a national survey. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:569–577
  7. Tomori M, Rus-Makovec M. Eating behavior, depression, and self-esteem in high school students. J Adolesc Health. 2000;26:361–367
  8. Wilkinson R. The culture of inequality. In:  Kawachi I,  Kennedy BP,  Wilkinson RG editor. The Society and Population Health Reader: Income Inequality and Health. New York: The New Press; 1999;p. 492–498
  9. Crocker J. The costs of seeking self-esteem. Journal of Social Issues. 2002;58:597–615
  10. Kutner NG, Brogan D, Fielding B. Physical and psychosocial resource variables related to long-term survival in older dialysis patients. Geriatr Nephrol Urol. 1997;7:23–28
  11. Chang AM, Mackenzie AE. State self-esteem following stroke. Stroke. 1998;29:2325–2328
  12. Salonen JT. Is there a continuing need for longitudinal epidemiologic research—the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Ann Clin Res. 1988;20:46–50
  13. Lynch J, Kaplan GA, Salonen R, Cohen RD, Salonen J. Socioeconomic status and carotid atherosclerosis. Circulation. 1995;92:1786–1792
  14. Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Kauhanen J, Wilson TW, Smith NL, et al.  Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland. Lancet. 1994;343:524–527
  15. Kaplan GA, Turrell G, Lynch JW, Everson SA, Helkala EL, Salonen JT. Childhood socioeconomic position and cognitive function in adulthood. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:256–263
  16. Kauhanen J, Kaplan GA, Goldberg DE, Salonen R, Salonen JT. Pattern of alcohol drinking and progression of atherosclerosis. Aterioscl Throm Vas. 1999;19:3001–3006
  17. Lynch J, Helmrich SP, Lakka TA, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Salonen R, et al.  Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1307–1314
  18. Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT. Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse. Soc Sci Med. 1997;44:809–819
  19. Everson SA, Goldberg DE, Helmrich SP, Lynch JW, Kaplan GK, Salonen JT. Weight gain and the risk of developing insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1637–1643
  20. Everson SA, Goldberg DE, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD, Pukkala E, Tuomilehto J, et al.  Hopelessness and risk of mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction and cancer. Psychosom Med. 1996;58:113–121
  21. Roberts RE, O'Keefe SJ. Sex differences in depression reexamined. J Health Soc Behav. 1981;22:394–400
  22. Roberts RE, Kaplan GA, Camacho TC. Psychosocial distress and mortality: evidence from the Alameda County Study. Soc Sci Med. 1990;31:527–536
  23. Kaplan GA, Roberts RE, Camacho TC, Coyne JC. Psychosocial predictors of depression: Prospective evidence from the Human Population Laboratory Studies. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;125:206–220
  24. Greenglass ER, Julkunen J. Construct validity and sex difference in Cook-Medley hostility. Pers Indiv Differ. 1989;10:209–218
  25. Julkunen J, Salonen R, Kaplan GA, Chesney MA, Salonen JT. Hostility and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Psychosom Med. 1994;56:519–525
  26. Cook WW, Medley DM. Proposed hostility and pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI. J Appl Psychol. 1954;38:414–418
  27. Spielberger CD, Johnson EH, Russell SF, Crane RJ, Jacobs GA, Worden TI. The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In:  Chesney MA, Rosenman  editor. Anger and Hostility in Cardiovascular and Behavioral Disorders. New York: Hemisphere; 1985;p. 5–30
  28. Miller TQ, Jenkins CD, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT. Are all hostility scales alike? Factor structure and covariation among measures of hostility. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1995;25:1142–1168
  29. Everson SA, Kauhanen J, Kaplan GA, Goldberg DE, Julkunen J, Tuomilehto J, et al.  Hostility and increased risk of mortality and acute myocardial infarction: the mediating role of behavioral risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:142–152
  30. Kaplan GA, Goldberg DE, Everson SA, Cohen RD, Salonen R, Tuomilehto J, et al.  Perceived health status and morbidity and mortality: evidence from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25:259–265
  31. SAS Institute Inc . SAS/STAT® User's Guide, Version 6. 4th ed. v. 2. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1989;
  32. Neter J, Kutner MH, Nachtsheim CJ, Wasserman W. Applied Linear Regression Models. 3rd ed.. Chicago: Irwin; 1996; 270–271
  33. Cox DR, Oakes D. Analysis of Survival Data. London: Chapman and Hall; 1984;
  34. Everson SA, Kaplan GA, Goldberg DE, Salonen JT. Hypertension incidence is predicted by high levels of hopelessness in Finnish men. Hypertension. 2000;35:561–567
  35. Stern SL, Dhanda R, Hazuda HP. Hopelessness predicts mortality in older Mexican and European Americans. Psychosom Med. 2001;63:344–351
  36. Trzesniewski KH, Donnellan MB, Robins RW. Stability of self-esteem across the life span. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;84:205–220
  37. Hoffman JP, Baldwin SA, Cerbone FG. Onset of major depressive disorder among adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;42:217–224
  38. Kaplan GA. Where do shared pathways lead? Some reflections on a research agenda. Psychosom Med. 1995;57:208–212

PII: S1047-2797(03)00078-4

doi: 10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00078-4

Annals of Epidemiology
Volume 14, Issue 1 , Pages 58-65 , January 2004

Article Tools