Annals of Epidemiology
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 118-120 , February 2009

Controversies in Epidemiology and Policy: Salt Reduction and Prevention of Heart Disease

  • Roberta B. Ness, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Dr Roberta B. Ness, The University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler, Suite W114, Houston, TX 77030. Tel.: (713) 500-9052; fax: (713) 500-9020.

Received 13 November 2008 ,Accepted 13 November 2008.

References 

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  8. Dickinson BD, Havas S. Reducing the population burden of cardiovascular disease by reducing sodium intake. A report of the Council of Science and Public Health. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1460–1468
  9. Law MR, Frost CD, Wald NJ. By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? Analysis of observational data among populations. BMJ. 1991;302:811–815
  10. Tuomilehto J, Jousilahti P, Rastenyte D, Moltchanov V, Tanskanen A, Pietinen P, et al. Urinary sodium excretion and cardiovascular mortality in Finland: a prospective study. Lancet. 2001;357:848–851
  11. Oliver WJ, Cohen EL, Neel JV. Blood pressure, sodium intake, and sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a ‘no salt’ culture. Circulation. 1975;52:146–151
  12. Denton D, Weisinger R, Mundy NI, Wickings J, Dixson A, Moisson P, et al. The effect of increased salt intake on blood pressure of chimpanzees. Nat Med. 1995;1:1009–1016
  13. Frohlich ED, Varagic J. The role of sodium in hypertension is more complex than simply elevating arterial pressure. Nat Clin Pract Cardio Med. 2004;1:24–30
  14. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. The Cochrane Collaboration. 2008;Available at: http://www.thecochranelibrary.comAccessed October 10, 2008.
  15. Whelton PK, Appel LJ, Espeland MA, Applegate WB, Ettinger WH, Kostis JB, et al. Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons. JAMA. 1998;279:839–846
  16. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Importance of salt in determining blood pressure in children: meta-analysis of controlled trials. Hypertension. 2006;48:861–869
  17. Asaria P, Chisholm D, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Beaglehole R. Chronic disease prevention: health effects and financial costs of strategies to reduce salt intake and control tobacco use. Lancet. 2007;370:2044–2053
  18. Havas S, Rocella EJ, Lenfant C. Reducing the public health burden from elevated blood pressure levels in the United States by lowering intake of dietary sodium. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:19–22
  19. Center for Science in the Public Interest. Available at: http://www.cspinet.org/salt/ Accessed October 10, 2008.

PII: S1047-2797(08)00350-5

doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.11.001

Annals of Epidemiology
Volume 19, Issue 2 , Pages 118-120 , February 2009

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