Annals of Epidemiology
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 136-142 , February 2010

Persistence with Statins and Incident Cataract: A Population-Based Historical Cohort Study

Received 24 June 2009 ,Accepted 16 October 2009.

References 

  1. Congdon N, Vingerling JR, Klein BE, West S, Friedman DS, Kempen J, et al. Prevalence of cataract and pseudophakia/aphakia among adults in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:487–494
  2. Avisar R, Friling R, Snir M, Avisar I, Weinberger D. Estimation of prevalence and incidence rates and causes of blindness in Israel, 1998-2003. Isr Med Assoc J. 2006;8:880–881
  3. Ellwein LB, Urato CJ. Use of eye care and associated charges among the Medicare population: 1991-1998. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:804–811
  4. Strandberg T, Pyörälä K, Cook T, Wilhelmsen L, Faergeman O, Thorgeirsson G, et al. Mortality and incidence of cancer during 10-year follow-up of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 2004;364:771–777
  5. Sacks F, Pfeffer M, Moye L, Rouleau J, Rutherford J, Cole T, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial investigators. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1001–1009
  6. The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Death with Pravastatin in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and a Broad Range of Initial Cholesterol Levels. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349–1357
  7. Schwartz G, Olsson A, Ezekowitz MD. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:1711–1718
  8. Watanabe T, Yasunari K, Nakamura M. Antioxidative actions of statins: potential mechanisms for antiathersclerotic effects. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2006;6:505–508
  9. Smeeth L, Hubbard R, Fletcher A. Cataract and the use of statins: a case-control study. Q J Med. 2003;96:337–343
  10. Schlienger R, Haefeli W, Jick H, Meier C. Risk of cataract in patients treated with statins. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:2021–2026
  11. Klein B, Klein R, Lee K, Grady L. Statin use and incident nuclear cataract. JAMA. 2006;295:2752–2758
  12. Tan J, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Wang J. Statin use and the long-term risk of incident cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143:687–689
  13. Chodick G, Shalev V, Gerber Y, Heymann AD, Silber H, Simah V, et al. Long-term persistence with statin treatment in a not-for-profit health maintenance organization: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Israel. Clin Ther. 2008;30:2167–2179
  14. Shalev V, Chodick G, Silber H, Kokia E, Jan J, Heymann AD. Continuation of statin treatment and all-cause mortality: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:260–268
  15. Kopjar B, Sales A, Pineros S, Sun H, Li Y, Hedeen A. Adherence with statin therapy in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in veterans administration male population. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92:1106–1108
  16. Avorn J, Monette J, Lacour A, Bohn R, Monane M, Mogun H, et al. Persistence of use of lipid-lowering medications: a cross-national study. JAMA. 1998;279:1458–1462
  17. Benner J, Tierce J, Ballantyne C, Prasad C, Bullano M, Willey V, et al. Follow-up lipid tests and physician visits are associated with improved adherence to statin therapy. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004;22(Suppl. 3):13–23
  18. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 1995 Census of Population and Housing Jerusalem; 1998.
  19. Chodick G, Heymann AD, Shalev V, Kookia E. The epidemiology of diabetes in a large Israeli HMO. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18:1143–1146
  20. Valuck R, Williams S, MacArthur M, Saseen J, Nair K, McCollum M, et al. A retrospective cohort study of correlates of response to pharmacologic therapy for hyperlipidemia in members of a managed care organization. Clin Ther. 2003;25:2936–2957
  21. Meyer J, Schultz J, O'Donnell J, Patel P, Sasane R. Patterns and effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapies in a managed care environment Value Health. 2005;8:601–612
  22. Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I, Hunninghake D. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study). Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:582–587
  23. Dujovne C, Knopp R, Kwiterovich P, Hunninghake D, McBride T, Poland M. Randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of cerivastatin and pravastatin in 1030 hypercholesterolemic patients; the Cerivastatin Study Group. May Clin Proc. 2000;75:1124–1132
  24. Cox DR. Regression models and life tables (with discussion). J R Stat Soc B. 1972;32:187–220
  25. Schmidt J, Schmitt C, Hockwin O. No lens changes caused by simvastatin: results from a prospective drug safety study. Lens Eye Toxic Res. 1990;7:643–650
  26. Behrens-Baumann W, Thiery J, Fieseler H, Seidel D. Pravastatin–ocular side effects after a two year follow-up?. Lens Eye Toxic Res. 1990;7:311–318
  27. Harris M, Bron A, Brown N, Keech A, Wallendszus K, Armitage J, et al. Absence of effect of simvastatin on the progression of lens opacities in a randomised placebo controlled study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995;79:996–1002
  28. Gerson R, MacDonald J, Alberts A, Chen J, Yudkovich JB, Greenspan MD, et al. On the etiology of subcapsular lenticular opacities produced in dogs receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Exp Eye Res. 1990;50:65–78
  29. Mukesh BN, Le A, Dimitrov PN, Ahmed S, Taylor HR, McCarty CA. Development of cataract and associated risk factors: the Visual Impairment Project. Arch Ophthalmology. 2006;124:79–85
  30. Benner JS, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, Neumann PJ, Weinstein MC, Avorn J. Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. JAMA. 2002;288:455–461
  31. Ruigomez A, Garcia Rodriguez L, Dev V, Arellano F, Raniwala J. Are schizophrenia or antipsychotic drugs a risk factor for cataracts?. Epidemiology. 2000;11:620–623
  32. West S, Valmadrid C. Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;39:323–334

PII: S1047-2797(09)00344-5

doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.10.007

Annals of Epidemiology
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 136-142 , February 2010