Risk factors for pregnancy-associated breast cancer: a report from the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study
Section snippets
Study sample
The Nigerian Breast Cancer Study is a case-control study conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1998 to 2011. The study setting and design were described in detail elsewhere [26], [27]. Briefly, cases were identified through University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan. Serving a population of approximately 3 million, UCH is a referral center for other hospitals and thus treats the majority of breast cancer cases in the region. All consecutive female cases aged 18 years and older with a histologic
Results
In all, 1715 premenopausal women were included in this study: 297 PABC cases (152 within 2 years postpartum, 145 between 3 and 5 years postpartum), 421 non-PABC cases, and 997 healthy controls (282 were ≤2 years postpartum, 188 were 3–5 years postpartum, and 525 were ≥5 years postpartum). Cases were significantly older than their matched controls (P ≤ .01), and non-PABC cases were older than PABC cases (P < .0001; Table 1). The age difference between PABC and non-PABC is expected because
Discussion
Using data from an understudied African population, we examined risk factors for premenopausal breast cancer according to childbearing recency. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explicitly examines risk factors associated with PABC, and we collected comprehensive pregnancy data in a unique Nigerian cohort spanning more than a decade. We hypothesized that PABC is more likely to be observed in our study owing to the strong culture of high parity in Nigeria. Different tumor
Acknowledgment
This work was supported in part by National Cancer Institute (R01 CA89085, P50 CA125183).
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Cited by (29)
Pregnancy Associated Breast Cancer Among Israeli BRCA1/BRCA2 Carriers in a High-Risk Clinic
2023, Academic RadiologyPregnancy associated breast cancer (PABC): Report from a gestational cancer registry from a tertiary cancer care centre, India
2021, BreastCitation Excerpt :Nevertheless, PABC patients that meet the criteria should be offered genetic counselling and if needed testing. Furthermore, BRCA mutation carriers are at a high risk of contralateral breast and ovarian cancer and require counselling regarding different prophylactic treatment strategies and follow-up and even preimplantation genetic diagnosis as appropriate [16,24,27]. The tumor-related characteristics like the grade and the receptor-status distribution (higher proportion of TNBCs) are higher compared to the other series indicating association of PABC with aggressive biology [6,27,29,30].
Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach
2021, Clinical Breast CancerCitation Excerpt :Hou et al24 had enrolled 1715 premenopausal women from the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study from 1998 to 2011. They categorized BC as PABC identified ≤ 2 years after delivery, PABC identified 3 to 5 years after delivery, and non-PABC identified > 5 years after delivery.24 They found an association between a family history of BC and PABC identified ≤ 2 years after delivery (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-10.3).
Short inter-pregnancy interval and pregnancy-associated breast cancer
2020, Medical HypothesesCitation Excerpt :Most of the literature has described this interaction in terms of the age at first full-term pregnancy and the number of full-term pregnancies. Moreover, little is known about the risk factors for PABC, which is defined as BC diagnosed during pregnancy or within one to two years postpartum [3,4], and which represents a particularly aggressive type of BC [5–7]. It has been reported that BC risk increases transiently for the next 10–15 years after a pregnancy given that it can enhance the expansion of existing clones of malignant breast cells [8].
Characteristics and diagnosis of pregnancy and lactation associated breast cancer: Analysis of a self-reported regional registry
2018, American Journal of SurgeryCitation Excerpt :Although we found no evidence of any association, Hou et al. found a correlation between a positive family history and PABC. However, they defined PABC as diagnosed during or within two years of pregnancy and the population was Nigerian.17 Similar to our results, Johansson et al. found that there was not an association between family history and breast cancer during or within 2 years of pregnancy and even up to 10 years post-partum.4